Do you know what sialorrhea is? Classified both as a symptom of a pre-existing condition and a standalone disease, sialorrhea is diagnosed when a patient exhibits an excessive amount of saliva production — far beyond the normal range of 500 milliliters to two liters per day.

Also referred to as “ptyalism” or “hypersialosis,” sialorrhea has several types and is categorized as primary, secondary, or emotional. In this article, we will explore what sialorrhea is, its common causes, symptoms, treatments, and more. Let’s dive in.

What is Sialorrhea?
The term sialorrhea originates from the Greek word sialon (saliva) and rhoia (flow). While saliva production is a natural and essential function of the body, sialorrhea refers to an abnormal and excessive flow of saliva that can cause discomfort and embarrassment.

This condition can stem from various causes, including neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease, ALS, or stroke, which impair the coordination of muscles in the mouth and throat responsible for swallowing saliva. Additionally, oral issues such as salivary gland dysfunction or obstructions in the salivary ducts can contribute to this condition.

Symptoms of sialorrhea range in severity and may include excessive salivation, difficulty swallowing, frequent choking, coughing, and speech impediments due to excessive saliva accumulation. Treatment varies based on the underlying cause and may include therapies, medications, oral devices, or, in severe cases, surgical intervention.

When Should You Seek Help from a Dentist?
It is important to consult a dentist when excessive salivation becomes persistent and starts interfering with daily activities, particularly if it cannot be attributed to temporary factors like consuming spicy foods or allergies.

A dentist specializing in this area can conduct a comprehensive examination of the oral cavity, assess the condition of the salivary glands, and evaluate the structures responsible for saliva production and flow. This clinical assessment, coupled with the patient’s medical history, helps determine whether the cause of sialorrhea is dental (e.g., salivary gland problems or duct obstructions) or neurological, involving motor control issues related to salivation.

What Are the Treatment Options for Sialorrhea?
Treatment for sialorrhea depends on its underlying cause and severity. Common approaches include:

Oral Rehabilitation Therapy: Exercises and techniques designed to improve muscle control in the mouth and throat, enabling better management of excessive salivation.
Medications: Certain medications may be prescribed to reduce saliva production or improve neurological control over salivation. Options include anticholinergics, botulinum toxin (Botox) injections into the salivary glands, or drugs that regulate saliva production.
Intraoral Devices: Devices such as mouth guards or orthodontic appliances can help direct saliva away from the mouth, support swallowing, or maintain proper posture of the tongue and jaw.
Surgical Intervention: For severe cases or when other treatments prove ineffective, surgery may address structural issues in the salivary glands or ducts to reduce saliva flow.

Can Sialorrhea Be Prevented?
In many cases, completely preventing sialorrhea may not be possible, especially when it is associated with underlying medical conditions like neurological disorders. However, certain measures can help reduce the likelihood or severity of excessive salivation:

Dietary Modifications: Avoid foods and beverages that stimulate saliva production, such as acidic or spicy items.
Oral Hygiene: Maintain good oral hygiene and visit the dentist regularly to monitor the health of salivary glands and oral structures.
Management of Medical Conditions: Address underlying conditions like acid reflux, which can contribute to excessive salivation.

Conclusion
Now that you know what sialorrhea is, it’s important to seek guidance from a physician or dentist for personalized advice. Management and treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause and the individual needs of each patient. By understanding the condition and its treatment options, patients can take steps toward managing their symptoms effectively and improving their quality of life.